Building resilience through self-defense: the role of martial arts in enhancing psychological strength among women

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate differences in psychological resilience between women who participate in martial arts and those who do not, while also examining the influence of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: A total of 802 women voluntarily participated, including 407 martial arts practitioners (Muay Thai, kickboxing, boxing, or taekwondo) and 395 women who practiced Pilates. Data were collected via an online self-report questionnaire that included the Psychological Resilience Scale and a demographic information form. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Results showed that women engaged in martial arts demonstrated significantly higher levels of psychological resilience in the sub-dimensions of control (p < .01, d = 0.47) and challenge p < .01, d = 0.27) compared to non-practitioners. However, in the commitment sub-dimension, non-martial arts participants scored higher (p < .05, d = 0.35). Among martial artists, psychological resilience varied significantly based on age, experience of violence, and smoking status. Significant differences were found for non-martial artists according to age, educational attainment, and income level. Discussion: These findings suggest that participation in martial arts may enhance specific dimensions of psychological resilience, especially in managing stress and embracing challenges. However, it may not necessarily foster higher commitment levels.