Positive and Negative Expectations Associated with Coffee and Energy Drinks: Implications for Placebo-Nocebo Research in Sports

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dc.authoridSzabo, Attila/0000-0003-2788-4304
dc.contributor.authorSomogyi, Angela
dc.contributor.authorUca, Merve
dc.contributor.authorBulgay, Celal
dc.contributor.authorAcheampong, Ernest Yeboah
dc.contributor.authorde la Vega, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorRuiz-Barquin, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorSzabo, Attila
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-26T17:34:45Z
dc.date.available2025-03-26T17:34:45Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİstanbul Esenyurt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Nutritional expectations have been shown to influence exercise performance via placebo and nocebo effects. The present study aimed to evaluate performance-enhancement expectations for coffee and energy drinks using the Stanford Expectations of Treatment Scale. Methods: A total of 402 participants (48.5% male) with an average exercise history of 4.53 years, engaging in average physical activity 3.91 times per week, were included in the study. Data collection was conducted through the Qualtrics platform. Results: Participants exhibited significantly higher positive expectations for coffee compared to energy drinks (p = 0.002), whereas negative expectations were more pronounced for energy drinks than for coffee (p < 0.001). Males and individuals engaging in anaerobic exercise expressed more positive expectations for energy drinks than females and those participating in aerobic or mixed exercise regimens. Additionally, high-frequency exercisers (>= 4 sessions per week) reported greater positive expectations for both beverages and fewer negative expectations for coffee than low-frequency exercisers (<= 3 sessions per week). Correlational analyses revealed weak but significant associations between expectations and variables such as exercise history, frequency, intensity, and age. Conclusions: The findings suggest that coffee is perceived as a more effective performance enhancer and exhibits greater placebo-inducing potential than energy drinks, which may elicit stronger nocebo effects. These group-specific perceptions should be considered by trainers, coaches, and researchers when addressing placebo-nocebo mechanisms in the context of sports and exercise.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu17040628
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.pmid40004957
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85218889184
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040628
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14704/883
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001430516500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofNutrients
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250326
dc.subjectathlete; caffeine; performance-enhancement; placebo; sports; training
dc.titlePositive and Negative Expectations Associated with Coffee and Energy Drinks: Implications for Placebo-Nocebo Research in Sports
dc.typeArticle

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