Environmental effect of high-, upper, and lower middle-income economies' energy mix: Is there a trade-off between unemployment and environmental quality?

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dc.authoridKOYUNCU CAKMAK, Tugba/0000-0002-2721-1313
dc.contributor.authorCakmak, Tugba Koyuncu
dc.contributor.authorBeser, Mustafa Kemal
dc.contributor.authorAlola, Andrew Adewale
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-26T17:34:56Z
dc.date.available2025-03-26T17:34:56Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİstanbul Esenyurt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe fact that scenarios of high unemployment potentially offer the opportunity for improved environmental sustainability remains a dilemma. In instances when environmental sustainability is triggered by increased unemployment, that poses a challenge in the simultaneous achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) 8 (decent work and economic growth) and 13 (climate action). On the basis of this concern, in this study, we examine whether a swap association exists between unemployment and environmental quality vis-a-vis the environmental Phillips curve (EPC) hypothesis for high-, upper, and lower middle-income (HUmLmI) economies (comprising both developed and developing countries) over the period 1990-2020. We used the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation approach. From the findings, the EPC hypothesis is not valid in high-income (developed) economies in the short and long term. However, the validity of the EPC hypothesis was upheld in the upper and lower middle-income (developing) economies. This implies that the lack of decent work opportunities/high unemployment rates hampers environmental quality in high-income countries, promotes environmental quality in upper middle-income countries, and does not drive environmental quality in lower middle-income countries. In addition, economic growth and the use of fossil energy exacerbate environmental degradation. On the other hand, the consumption of renewable energy sources reduces environmental woes by -0.22, -0.54, and -1.15 in HUmLmI countries, respectively. This shows that renewable energy sources adapt to the environmental sustainability motive. These results imply that policy instruments to drive SDGs 8 and 13 in these income-categorized economies should be case specific rather than taking a unilateral policy approach.
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/0958305X231187034
dc.identifier.endpage869
dc.identifier.issn0958-305X
dc.identifier.issn2048-4070
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85165142520
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage851
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X231187034
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14704/947
dc.identifier.volume36
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001023730000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSage Publications Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofEnergy & Environment
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250326
dc.subjectenvironmental Phillips curve; environmental sustainability; sustainable development; unemployment; energy; income-categorized economies
dc.titleEnvironmental effect of high-, upper, and lower middle-income economies' energy mix: Is there a trade-off between unemployment and environmental quality?
dc.typeArticle

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