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Öğe Is Implant Washing and Wound Irrigation with Rifampicin Effective for Preventing Surgical Site Infections in Lumbar Instrumentation?(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2018) Karaarslan, Numan; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Özbek, Hanefi; Oznam, Kadir; Ateş, Özkan; Erdem, IlknurAIM: To determine whether the washing of implants and autogenous bone grafts with rifampicin, and the irrigation of the surgical field using diluted rifampicin, have any significant effect on the prevention of spinal implant infections. MATERIAL and METHODS: A total of 166 consecutive lumbar stenosis and spondylolisthesis patients undergoing lumbar instrumentation between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I (n=85) included patients whose implants were washed with rifampicin immediately before insertion and whose surgical fields were irrigated with diluted rifampicin immediately after insertion. Group II (n=81) included the cases without rifampicin application. Both groups were matched for age, sex, body mass index, and surgical indication. The infection rates of the groups were compared during the first 2 postoperative years. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the infection rate in Group I and Group II. Only 1 case had surgical site infection (SSI) in Group I, a rate of 1.17% (1 of 85 patients), whereas 2 patients had SSI in Group II, a rate of 2.46% (2 of 81 patients). CONCLUSION: Peroperative washing of implants with rifampicin and irrigation of the surgical field using diluted rifampicin have not been found to be significantly effective in preventing or reducing spinal implant infections. However, further studies with larger series need to be carried out to verify these results.Öğe Prognostic Factors in Patients who Underwent Aneurysmal Clipping due to Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2016) Orakdogen, Metin; Emon, Selin Tural; Somay, Hakan; Engin, Taner; Ateş, Özkan; Berkman, Mehmet ZaferAIM: Despite technical and medical advances, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) continue to be a challenging pathology, associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In this regard, a definition is required of the various prognostic indicators of an SAH. The aim of the present retrospective study is to examine the various prognostic factors of the clinical outcomes of the patients who underwent a neurosurgical clipping of aneurysms due to aneurysmal SAH. MATERIAL and METHODS: The data of 104 patients that had suffered an aneurysmal SAH were analyzed. The baseline demographic, clinical and radiological data were all analyzed. The prognostic study was derived from an analysis of these variables. Relationship between prognostic factors and outcome was evaluated by univariate and logistic multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: This study has identified unfavorable outcomes on the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge after the surgical treatment of aneurysmal SAH associated with increased age, poor World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade on admission, higher Fisher's grade on admission computed tomography scan, larger aneurysm, and clinical vasospasm. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, high WFNS grade, positive clinical vasospasm and size of aneurysm were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. The presence of hydrocephalus, number of aneurysms, positive risk factors, and the presence of Doppler vasospasm did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The most important prognostic factors in patients undergoing surgery due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were WFNS grade, age, size of aneurysm and clinical vasospasm.Öğe Are Specific Gene Expressions of Extracellular Matrix and Nucleus Pulposus Affected by Primary Cell Cultures Prepared from Intact or Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Tissues?(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2019) Karaarslan, Numan; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Özbek, Hanefi; Yasar Sirin, Duygu; Kaplan, Necati; Akyuva, Yener; Gonultas, AylinAIM: To determine the gene expression patterns of nucleus pulposus (NP) in cell cultures obtained from degenerated or intact tissues. MATERIAL and METHODS: Whereas 12 of the cases were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation and had undergone lumbar microdiscectomy, 12 cases had undergone traumatic intervertebral discectomy and corpectomy, along with discectomy after spinal trauma. NP-specific markers and gene expressions of the reagents of the extracellular matrix in the experimental setup were tested at the 0th, 24th, and 48th hours by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Visual evaluations were simultaneously made in all samples using invert and fluorescence microscopy. Vitality and proliferation analyses were evaluated by UV spectrophotometer. As a method of statistical evaluation, Spearman was used for categorical variants, and the Pearson correlation was used for variants with numerical and plain distribution. RESULTS: No association was found either between the tissue type and times (r=0.000; p=1.000) or between the region that the tissue was obtained from and hypoxia transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) gene expression (r=0.098; p=0.245). There was no correlation between cell proliferation and chondroadherin (CHAD) expression or between type II collagen (COL2A1) and CHAD gene expressions. It was found that CHAD and HIF-1 alpha gene expressions and HIF-1 alpha and COL2A1 gene expressions affected cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Cell culture setups are of paramount importance because they may influence the pattern of changes in the gene expressions of the cells used in these setups.Öğe Delivering Growth Factors through a Polymeric Scaffold to Cell Cultures Containing both Nucleus Pulposus and Annulus Fibrosus(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2019) Akyuva, Yener; Kaplan, Necati; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Özbek, Hanefi; Yasar Sirin, Duygu; Karaaslan, Numan; Guler, OlcayAIM: To design a novel, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based polymeric scaffold that permits the controlled release of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 following intervertebral disc administration. MATERIAL and METHODS: The drug delivery system was composed of two different solutions that formed a scaffold within seconds of coming into contact with each other. Swelling, pH, and temperature tests and analysis of the controlled release of growth factors (GFs) from this system were performed. The release kinetics of the GFs were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell proliferation and viability were monitored with microscopy and analyzed using an MTT assay and acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining. Chondroadherin (CHAD), hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), and collagen type II (COL2A1) gene expressions were determined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis to show the effects of IGF-1/BMP-2 administration on annulus fibrosus cell (AFC)/nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) cultures. For the statistical evaluation of the obtained data, experimental groups were compared with a post hoc Tukey's test following an analysis of variance. RESULTS: The scaffold allowed for the controlled release of IGF-1 and BMP-2 in different time intervals. It was observed that as the application time increased, the number of cells and the degree of extracellular matrix development increased in AFC/NPC cultures. AO/PI staining and an MTT analysis showed that cells retained their specific morphology and continued to proliferate. It was observed that HIF-1 alpha and CHAD expression increased in a time-dependent manner, and no COL2A1 expression in the AFC/NPC cultures was observed. CONCLUSION: The designed scaffold may be used as an alternative method for intervertebral disc administration of GFs after further in vivo studies. Such prototype scaffolds may be an innovative technology in targeted drug therapies after reconstructive neurosurgical interventions.Öğe Systematic Evaluation of Desmopressin Administered to Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Light of the Literature(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2020) Karaarslan, Numan; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Akgun, Feride Sinem; Çalışkan, Tezcan; Özbek, Hanefi; Ateş, ÖzkanAIM: To discuss the management of patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) developing after subarachnoid hemorrhage, in a comparative manner in the light of the literature. MATERIAL and METHODS: Without country or language restrictions, articles with high evidential value found in electronic databases were compared to our patients' data. RESULTS: After the literature review, three articles were included for systematic evaluation. Desmopressin was administered to the patients for the treatment of hyponatremia, volume contraction, and negative sodium balance caused by SIADH. However, it was not used for preventing re-bleeding. CONCLUSION: To prevent the development of this complication (SIADH), the use of desmopressin, an analogue of vasopressin, is important in routine clinical practice.Öğe Systematic Evaluation of Promising Clinical Trials-Gene Silencing for the Treatment of Glioblastoma(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2019) Karaarslan, Numan; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Özbek, Hanefi; Çalışkan, Tezcan; Topuk, Savas; Yasar Sirin, Duygu; Ateş, ÖzkanAIM: To systematically investigate the role of artificial small interfering RNA (SiRNA) molecules in glioblastoma treatment and to give a detailed overview of the literature concerning studies performed in this field worldwide in the last 31 years. MATERIAL and METHODS: Articles about clinical trials conducted between December 1, 1949 and November 8, 2017, were identified from the Cochrane Collaboration, the Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest, the National Library of Medicine, and PubMed electronic databases, using the terms post transcriptional gene silencing, small interfering RNA, siRNA, and glioblastoma, either individually or combined (OR and AND), without language and country restrictions. Articles that met the examination criteria were included in the study. After descriptive statistical evaluation, the results were reported in frequency (%). RESULTS: After scanning 2.752 articles, five articles were found that met the research criteria. Examination of full texts of the five identified articles provided no sufficient evidence for research conducted with regard to the use of gene silencing via siRNAs in glioblastoma treatment. CONCLUSION: To be able to evaluate the clinical use of siRNAs, there is an urgent need for in vivo studies and for trials with randomized, controlled, and clinical designs that provide long-term functional outcomes.Öğe THE NEW MATERIALISM AND POST-HUMANIST STUDIES(Bursa Ilahiyat Vakfi, 2023) Yılmaz, SaitThrough revolutionary developments in science and technology, human beings arrived at the stage of exceeding being human. In our time, from a human model that utilizes machines, we will move to the human -machine, in which the human is reinforced by the machine and eventually becomes a type of human exploited by machines. The Internet of Things represents the early model of the mega digital machine of humans. The thing that is now an article will be a human being in the future. In the new world order, with the exception of those on the top, the elites who represent technocratic dictatorship, there will be no more Homo sapiens (Human 1.0), individual, master, or independent person. Approximately 7-8 million people will not need to be trans-human; that is, they will protect their independent roots. The others will race for improvement, and despite being exposed to death, they will be subject to a depopulation (population reduction) program. As in the pandemic period, people will be told that it is to their benefit, but they will not have the right to choose. The program of human development will target humankind. In short, given the tsunami of crisis produced by the new technological materialism, world politics will go beyond being the mediator of the manipulation of the elite. In the current ideological dimension, discussions will focus on the new materialism and post-humanist studies to investigate the future of the world in an ongoing technological revolution and its effects on human beings subject to the transformation of their lives manipulated by world elites.Öğe Damages on Houses of Yukarikoy Houses at the Ayvacik Earthquake in February 2017(Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2019) Parsa, Ali Riza; Kuruscu, Ali OsmanMost of the Turkey is located in the earthquake affected region in the World due the its position. According to AFAD referenses, 42% of Turkey's land is on the first-degree earthquake zone. In that region, Northwest Anatolia and the North Aegean Sea are among the most important active seismic and deformation zones which are located between the Eurasian and African tectonic regions. According to Kandilli Observatory data, a moderate-intensity earthquake (Mw=5.3) occurred on 06 February 2017, at Gulpinar-Ayvacik (Canakkale) center, at 06: 51 local time. The depth of focus of the earthquake is about 6 km and it is a shallow-focused earthquake. In this study, the situation of the rural traditional masonry structures which are affected by the earthquake mentioned in the region, was examined and analyzes on the causes and results of damage were developed. Researches show that, Yukarikoy is the village where mostly affected from different size earthquakes in the following days. The traditional masonry stone structures in this region also reflect the characteristic form of the zone, architectural features and construction technique. The purpose of the study is to establish the cause and effect relations of the damage by determining the damage of the structures which have been significantly affected from the earthquake in Yukarikoy. AFAD and the relevant official institutions criteria were used to determine the damage level of the buildings. The results show the cause of the damage and the magnitude of the risk that it creates on the structures.Öğe Comparison of Office Lighting Alternatives in Terms of integrative Lighting(Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2021) Kaplan, Elif Erkoc; Ozturk, Leyla DokuzerIt is well-known that light has biological and behavioural effects in addition to its visual effects. These effects are described as non-image-forming or non-visual responses. Lighting design considering the visual and non-visual effects of light is expressed in terms such as integrated lighting or human centric lighting. However, there is still no consensus on the illuminance and colour temperature to be provided depending on the type of task or activity in the sense of human centric lighting. The aim of this study is to determine the lighting conditions in an office that are biologically effective, meet the visual requirements and at the same time is rated as positive by the occupants. For this purpose, four static lighting scenarios and one dynamic lighting scenario are created in an office room, which differ in terms of illuminance and correlated colour temperature. These scenarios are compared with regard to visual and non-visual effects of light through surveys and alpha- opic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance calculations. The composition of static scenarios are '500 lx, 4000 K', '1000 lx, 5500 K', '1250 lx, 4000 K', '1500 lx, 5500 K'. The limits of the dynamic scenario are '500 lx-1000 lx' and '3500 K-5500 K'. These values are provided on the task area of the worktable chosen as a reference to adjust the scenarios through the lighting control system. In order to determine the biological potential of light quantitatively, the melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance was calculated for each working table in the office room. The spectral irradiance data measured at eye level were used in this calculation. In addition to the questions about the determination of the emotional states of the participants, questions about the evaluation of the lighting scenario with regard to illuminance, colour temperature of light, influence on the working conditions and ambient atmosphere were also included in the questionnaire. The statistical evaluation of the survey data was carried out for two different conditions, a long-term and a short-term study. Academic staff working in the mock-up room participated in the long-term study, in which each scenario was implemented for 2 weeks. The participants of the short-term study, in which each scenario was applied for 20 minutes, were academicians, doctoral and master's students. It became apparent that high illuminance and/or cool colour of light are effective in feeling alert, rested and energetic. However, the preference of the participants was generally in favour of the neutral light colour. Regarding illuminance 500 lx was evaluated as low and 1500 lx as high. The scenario that was found to be the most positive in terms of the illuminance, the colour temperature of light and its effect on the working conditions in both long- and short-term study was '1250 lx, 4000 K'. The appreciation of the neutral light colour can also play a role in this result. It was found that the variable ambient atmosphere in dynamic lighting is more natural than static scenarios with 500 lx and 1000 lx. Preferences may conflict with each other in terms of visual and non-visual effects of light. Instead of continuously using scenarios with high illuminance and/or cool light colour, the implementation in shorter periods of time, in which people have to feel more alive and alert, can be a rational and balanced solution. The results of this study, in which the visual and non-visual effects of lighting scenarios with different illuminances and colour temperatures on office workers are assessed, can be considered to determine the optimal conditions for integrated lighting in offices.Öğe Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation of the effect of Shilajit in rats with experimental spinal cord injury(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2023) Cetin, Eyup; Sancak, Tunahan; Keles, Omer Faruk; Unlu, Ilker; Akyol, Mehmet Edip; Arabacı, OzkanBACKGROUND: This experimental study was designed to investigate the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of Shilajit in rats with experimentally induced spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: The rats were divided into three groups: Control group: The group in which spinal cord damage was created but no drug was administered. Low-dose group: This is the group in which intraperitoneal Shilajit is given at a dose of 150 mg/kg at the 1st h, 1st day, 2nd day, and 3rd day after spinal cord damage was induced. High-dose group: This is the group in which intraperitoneal Shilajit is given at a dose of 250 mg/kg at the 1st h, 1st day, 2nd day, and 3rd day after spinal cord damage was induced. Thin sections taken from the spinal cord after euthanasia were sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS: Histopathological examination of the high-dose group showed lower amounts of morphological findings compared to the low-dose group and control group. While a significant CD68 immune reaction was observed in the control group of rats with spinal injury, the positive immune reaction was found to be significantly decreased in the Shilajit-applied groups. CONCLUSION: It is thought that the use of Shilajit in SCI will reduce the effects of secondary damage in SCI and that its administration to such patients will have positive effects on the results.Öğe Proposal of index model in performance measurement: Shopping mall application(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2023) Nebati, Emine Elif; Ekmekci, Ismail; Basligil, HueseyinToday, the number of shopping malls, which have an important place in the retail sector, which is the return of social and modern life, is increasing day by day. This situation leads the administrations to various and innovative searches. Analyzing the current performances of shopping centers and offering appropriate solutions are also a solution to these pursuits. Due to this newly emerged need and, in order to contribute to the development and performance measurement of shopping centers, in this study, a performance index measurement model is developed for shopping malls. In the proposed performance index model, 6 main criteria and 135 sub-criteria were determined. In order to evaluate the performance criteria and the performance of the shopping malls, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) methods were preferred. In the application phase of the developed model, the sample of the research was applied to four shopping malls in Istanbul. The analysis of the results, were evaluated comparatively with 2 methods namely SWOT analysis and radar diagram analysis. A far as we know, this study presents, a new and comprehensive model for evaluating the performance of shopping malls first time in the literature. It is hoped that, with the proposed model and proposed solutions, competitive advantage in the retail sector will be achieved and will make a positive contribution to the sector.Öğe Evaluation of the Attitudes of the Students of the Faculty of Health Sciences towards Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity(Duzce Univ, 2020) Onder, Omer Onder; Öztürk, Muhsin; Yildiz, Seyda; Caylan, AyseObjective: The foundations of a healthy life are laid during youth, and healthy nutrition and regular physical activity are not only two key determinants of health but also two main factors decreasing age-related health risks. Universities are the ideal environments for increasing this awareness and educating university students that constitute the majority of young population on healthy behavioral choices. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the attitudes of the students of the Faculty of Health Sciences (Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation and Department of Nutrition and Dietetics) at a foundation university towards healthy nutrition and physical activity. Methods: The total number of students in the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation and Department of Nutrition and Dietetics was 467. The study aimed to reach the whole universe and was conducted with 339 students (73%) that consented to participate. Study data were collected via face-to-face surveys that covered the sociodemographic data form, demographic data questions of the modified survey by the University of North Florida on Diet and Exercise and the survey including the Body Image Scale. The study received an approval from the Scientific Researches Ethics Council of the School of Medicine of Trakya University (TUTF-BAEK 2019/163). Study data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 program. Significance level was p<0.05. Chi-square analysis was used for group comparisons as the data were categorical variables. Results: While the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.91 in the original Body Image Scale, it was 0.959 in our study. In addition, while prediction point was 135 in the original scale, it was 134.5 according to our ROC analysis. 49.6% of students stated that they did not exercise; 27.1% of those associated it with lack of time while 17.1% cited lack of willpower. 54% of students considered their diets unhealthy. There was a statistically significant difference between lack of exercise and gender (p<0.05). 81% of females did not exercise at all while 19% of males did not exercise. Among students whose body image perception was below average, the number of those not exercising (n=52) was higher than those exercising (n=36), and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to results of this study, university students should be provided with awareness programs on healthy nutrition and exercise to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors.Öğe The Impacts of Dollarization on the Profitability of Turkish State-owned Deposit Banks(Sosyoekonomi Soc, 2023) Sarıgül, HaşmetThis study explores the association between dollarization and profitability in state-owned deposit banks, which play a significant role in the financial system in Turkiye. Quarterly data from Halkbank, Vak & iota;fbank and Ziraat Bank spanning from 2005 to 2021 are used in the research. Three dollarization-related variables -deposit dollarization, balance sheet currency mismatch and foreign currency derivatives -are included jointly in a study for the first time in the literature. Although the directions differ between banks in the short-and long-run, the estimation coefficients obtained by applying Panel ARDL techniques imply that all dollarization-related variables have statistically significant impacts on the profitability of Turkish state-owned deposit banks.Öğe Financial Literacy Gender Gap: A Meta-Analysis(Sosyoekonomi Soc, 2024) Sarıgül, HaşmetSeveral studies around the world identify a gender gap in financial literacy against women regardless of age, education level, and socioeconomic status. Although gender is included as one of the variables in many studies focusing on T & uuml;rkiye, as far as we know, none of them particularly has examined the gender difference. This paper integrates the outputs of these studies in terms of gender and combines them into one measure by conducting meta-analysis techniques. The results reveal a gender gap in financial literacy among women. Financial literacy is essential for women who mostly experience the gender pay gap, face more significant employment interruption challenges and tend to live longer than men. Given those issues, this study highlights implementing inclusive education policies and establishing comprehensive, long-term education programs to improve women's financial literacy.Öğe Examples of Alam 19??-Century Ottoman Architecture Found in Surici(Istanbul Univ, Research Inst Turkology, Dept Art History, 2023) Sarimese, FatihThe alams [finials] placed on the tops of qubba, vaults, and cones used as roofs in traditional architecture developed in accordance with the architecture of the period in which they were built. The alam, whose use in Turkish art dates back to pre-Islamic times, appears to have been used for the first time in Turkish and Islamic architecture during the Kara-Khanid Khanate. The alams made of marble and metal materials continued to develop in Anatolia with the Seljuks and Principalities. During the Ottoman period, the alams reached their peak with the examples in Istanbul and became the complementary and indispensable element on top of the qubba. In the early Ottoman architecture in Istanbul, alams with a crescent shape atop were generally preferred. The appearance of these alams also changed alongside the changes in the style of architectural structures. Under the influence of the Baroque style in the 18th century, the points of the crescent alams were bent outwards and began to turn into a design reminiscent of a horn shape. The Ottoman style, especially during the reign of Sultan Mahmud II, affected the alams in the 19th century. In addition, designs involving a crescent and radial arrangement were used together with the crescent and star in this period. The status of the person who had the structure built, the increase in foreign influences in architecture, and the absence of a certain unity of style unity can be said to have been effective in the choice of alam. This effect enabled alams to be made in the same period in different styles. This study focuses on the alams of 14 different structures belonging to the 19th century that are representative of different styles; examines the designs, materials, and techniques; and has determined the presence of a stylistic unity between the buildings and their alams.Öğe Comparison of the International Trade and International Business Undergraduate Program Curricula of Turkish and USA Universities(Deomed Publ, Istanbul, 2020) Sarıgül, HaşmetThe aim of this study is to determine whether universities that offer undergraduate programs under different names such as International Trade, International Business, International Business and Management, International Business Management, Global Business, and Global Business Management have a cross-curricular standard, and to what extent they differ or bear similarities. Therefore, the undergraduate program curricula of thirty-six Turkish and twenty-one United States universities were compared by their course names and contents. Applying the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis method, the obtained results were supported by Euclidean proximity matrix and dendrogram. The dendrogram revealed that a single cluster with two universities formed at a distance of one unit while three clusters with multiple universities formed at a distance of five units. The total number of universities in these three clusters were 23. In the ten-unit distance referenced, there were thirty-eight universities in the first duster, three universities in the second, and two universities in the third and fourth clusters, respectively. Seventeen of the United States universities gathered in the same cluster. All of the eight universities that were dissimilar and formed their own clusters within the ten-unit distance were the Turkish universities. The results revealed that there was a higher number of differences in the curricula of the Turkish universities. Considering the Euclidean proximity matrix and dusters, the names of the faculties and departments were found not to be a determinant in the similarity of the curricula.Öğe The Effect of Private Sector FX Indebtedness on Sovereign Risk in Emerging Markets(Economic And Financial Research Assoc - Efad, 2023) Kucukgode, Haydar Anil; Kose, Kamil AhmetIn this study, the spread of default risk on local currency (LC) sovereign bonds serves as the metric for assessing country risk across 17 emerging nations. Despite traditional theoretical views deeming these bonds risk-free or default- free, recent research indicates that they carry a risk premium and are not priced at risk-free interest rates. The intriguing explanation lies in the cost of printing money. When local companies have excessive FC debt funded by LC assets, then printing money to pay LC debt will trigger an inflationary process, eventually ending up with a collapse in the real economy and LC. Thus, we run a panel VAR model, spanning a period between 2010-2020, where LC sovereign default risk, LC public debt, FC public debt, private sector external debt, and external finance need are included in the main model. Results show that public debt in LC and private external debt are found to be positively associated with LC sovereign spread, in line with the literature. However, the observation that the need for one-year external financing relative to gross reserves has a much stronger effect on the country's risk premium than the total effect of private sector external debt and public debt in local or foreign currency represents an original contribution of this study.Öğe THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR: THE MEDIATOR ROLE OF TRUST IN MANAGERS(Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, 2023) Ozdasli, Kursat; Ceyhan, Sefa; Yildirim, DuyguThis study was carried out to determine the mediator role of trust in the manager in the influence of organizational culture on innovative work behavior. In line with the purpose of the study, a field study was carried out on the employees of the port operations. In the field research, the data set of 280 people obtained by the survey method was subjected to analysis. As a result of the analyzes carried out with the structural equation modeling and resampling method, it has been discovered that organizational culture increases innovative work behavior. In addition, it has been concluded that trust in the manager has a partial mediator role in the effect of organizational culture on innovative work behavior. These results indicate that port workers have the potential to exhibit innovative work behavior, that organizational culture has a direct effect on innovation from a holistic perspective, and that trust in the manager has a critical importance in this effect.Öğe Rhetorical Activism in Politics: Stability Discourse and Pragmatic Practicality in Times of Crisis(Istanbul Univ, Fac Communication, 2019) Tekinalp, Sermin; Kestel, SeyraThis article aims to investigate how successfully the dichotomy between stability and crisis is used as a medium of effective political activism and power in a critical election. The main question of the article is how the parties took advantage of the political climate in their political rhetoric to activate the mental cognitions of the majority at a time when Turkey was struggling with internal and external problems. In the framework of the research question, it is analyzed whether the parties, which were represented in the Turkish Parliament, utilized the dichotomy between stability and crisis in the context of pragmatic practicality or were lost obsessively in the normative, theoretically inductive long term ideals such as democracy, human rights and gender equality. In this context the term 'rhetorical activism' is associated to the term 'pragmatic practicality'. The principal objective of the article is to help increase consciousness of how the political rhetoric of the ruling party AKP (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi/Justice and Development Party) comprising the catchword stability contributed to the domination of the mental cognitions of the electorates, and so increased its votes by 10% in five months in November 1, 2015 elections.Öğe The Physical, Chemical, Sensory Properties and Aromatic Organic Substance Profile of Kefir Added Citrus Fruits in Different Proportions(Univ Namik Kemal, 2023) Binici, Halil İbrahim; Ozdemir, Cihat; Ozdemir, SalihThis study aims to increase the functionality of plain kefir by adding citrus fruits. Dry matter ratios of kefir samples ranged from 11.04 % to 11.75 %. The addition of fruit to kefir reduced the milk-fat ratios. The pH values of kefir samples ranged from 3.37 to 4.08 depending on fruit concentration. pH values also ranged from 3.37 to 4.08 depending on fruit concentration. Kefir samples containing grapefruit ( 37.5 %) had the lowest pH value (3.37) among the kefir samples. The viscosity of kefir samples at 20 rpm and 50 rpm at sliding speed ranged from 0.42 Pa.s to 2.88 Pa.s and from 0.31 to 1.60 Pa.s, respectively. The addition of fruit to plain kefir was reduced its viscosity. DPPH* of samples was between 1.21 and 38.93 % DPPH of samples with citrus fruit were statistically (p<0.01) higher than that of plain kefir samples. While adding orange to plain kefir samples reduced the amount of ethanol, adding grapefruit increased its amount, conversely. Plain kefir samples had higher acetic acid, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde (2,5 bis), silanediol dimethyl, and benzyl alcohol ratios than that of orange, mandarin and grapefruit samples. However, the dlimonene, 1-methyl benzene and benzene 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl ratios of kefir samples containing orange, mandarin and grapefruit increased significantly compared to plain kefir. Panelists preferred orange (23 % and 37.5 %) and mandarin (37.5 %) kefir samples more than the others. Panelists gave lower scores to grapefruit-added samples than the other kefir samples.
