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    Cash vs. net working capital as strategic tools for the long-term relation between bank credits and liquidity: Inequalities in Turkey
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Apak, Sudi; Açıkgöz, Ali Faruk; Erbay, Ertugrul Recep; Tuncer, Gungor
    Cash and net working capital are among corporate liquidity indicators which are generally compared with the short-term bank credits. The study reveals both the short and the long-term bank credits and their reflections on the cash, working capital and the short-term liabilities of the businesses in the long-run. The bank credits as a financing resource of the real sector (nonfinancial) businesses in Turkey with their effects on cash and net working capital are assessed in order to make comparisons on the total data of the businesses selected from all of the sectors for the case of Turkey in the long-run (1996-2014) in the study. The study endorses the strategic relation between bank credit usage and liquidity levels of the businesses so as to improve timely accessibility and creditability. In the findings, we confirm that cash-cash equivalents and net working capital have impacts on the level of bank credits in the long-term. Finally, the study endorses the strategic relation of bank credit and liquidity by inequalities. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Öğe
    Renewable hydrogen energy and energy efficiency in Turkey in the 21st century
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Apak, Sudi; Atay, Erhan; Tuncer, Gungor
    Earth does not have an equal distribution of energy sources. Despite the advances in renewable energy, fossil fuels seem to continue to dominate the energy sector in near future. Hydrogen energy is seen as a renewable power system that is an alternatively convenient storage and transmission vector. The present study aims to contribute to the discussion on the implementation of the hydrogen power plants through encouraging state sector investments in renewable energy and private sector investments in hydrogen energy. In this respect, the contribution of hydrogen energy to energy efficiency is that it can reveal the potential of suitable and sustainable energy as a natural source at a competitive price in the future. The study also aims to contribute to energy efficiency by emphasizing the significance of maintaining an international strategic planning process for public and private sector officials to accelerate the effective development of the hydrogen economy infrastructure. The study also underlines that it is essential for the governments to encourage initiatives concerning renewable energy and fuel cell in the process of transition to hydrogen economy in the 21st century. (C) 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.