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    Morphometric analysis of the skulls of domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) in Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Ozkan, Ermis; Siddiq, Abu Bakar; Kahvecioglu, Kifayet Oya; Öztürk, Muhsin; Onar, Vedat
    A total of 20 domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.) and 15 water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis L.) skulls were analyzed in this study. All of the specimens belonged to female individuals. Using a total of 27 craniometric measurements from each of the skulls, 9 indices were calculated. Although there were statistically significant differences between the linear measurements of the skulls of both species, while calculating the indices with their ratios, the values of the measurements of the facial area were determinative in the craniology. Among these indices, the facial index 1 value was statistically significant (P < 0.01) in the comparison of these two species. On the other hand, while considering the orbit and foramen magnum measurements, in contrast with the transversal measurement, the height was more determinant for their index and form.
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    OSTEOMETRICAL ASSESSMENT OF WITHERS HEIGHT AND SEX DETERMINATION OF BYZANTINE CATTLE FROM METACARPALS (THE THEODOSIUS HARBOUR AREA, ISTANBUL)
    (Univ Agean, Dept Mediterranean Stud, 2018) Ince, Nazan Gezer; Pazvant, Gulsun; Saritas, Ozlem; Kahvecioglu, K. Oya; Öztürk, Muhsin; Onar, Vedat
    In this research, a total of 186 metacarpal and 275 metatarsal bones were used from the 4739 bovine bones which were collected from the Yenikapi Metro and Marmaray excavation of the port of Theodosius in Istanbul. The bovine bones were investigated by radiocarbon (14C) dating, and the cattle bones between Early Byzantine (4th-7th centuries) to Late Byzantine (15th century). A total of 16 osteometric measurements were taken from each metapodial. When the withers height was estimated according to the Matolcsi multipliers without regard to the gender differences of the metapodial bones, it was observed that they varied between 120.97 and 123.52 cm on average. The presence of individuals with withers heights ranging from 103.45 to 148.10 cm suggests the existence of improved cattle breeding to obtain larger animals as well as steer cattle. The wide interval scale of the withers heights seen in the Byzantine cattle suggests that Roman animal breeding was still an influence in this period. However, the presence of small-size cattle in the port area of Theodosius also suggests the presence of smaller, local individuals.