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    Atorvastatin and flaxseed dietary treatments improve dyslipidemia and liver injuries in a diet-induced rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    (MASHHAD UNIV MED SCIENCES, 2025) Eslami, Zahra; Joshaghani, Hamidreza; Moghanlou, Abdorreza Eghbal; Norouzi, Alireza; Mirghani, Seyed Javad
    Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common chronic liver disease is associated with metabolic disorders including dysregulated lipid and glucose metabolism. There is no approved drug treatment for NAFLD; thus, new therapies are needed. We studied the antidyslipidemic effects of atorvastatin and/or possibly hepatoprotective effects of flaxseed/ flaxseed oil in a rat model of NAFLD. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided randomly into seven groups: 1) control, 2) high-fructose diet (HFD), 3) HFD +atorvastatin (20 mg/kg), 4) HFD+ flaxseed (40 g/kg), 5) HFD+ flaxseed oil (40 mg/kg), 6) HFD+flaxseed (40 g/kg) + atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) and 7) HFD+flaxseed oil (40 g/kg) +atorvastatin (20 mg/kg). The interventions were done for 23 weeks, after which anthropometric indices, lipid profile, liver enzymes, fasting blood glucose, and kidney indices were analyzed. Scoring of hematoxylin-eosin-stained liver sections was used to assess the severity of NAFLD. Results: All the treatments reduced mesenteric fat mass, and the amount of fat around the liver, except in HFD+ flaxseed +atorvastatin group. The interventions improved NAFLD activity score, which considers steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning. However, atorvastatin was most efficient in reducing inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning. While atorvastatin reduced only Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels, flaxseed or flaxseed oil mono-and combination therapies reduced serum levels of all liver enzymes. The interventions improved the serum lipid profile and all, except atorvastatin decreased fasting blood glucose. Conclusion: Flaxseed therapies improved NAFLD-associated liver injuries and dyslipidemia, while atorvastatin mostly reduced hepatocyte ballooning and lobular inflammation.