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    Comparative analysis of external load in small-sided games versus official matches among professional football players
    (Iermakov S S, 2024) Kaya, Kaan; Gurol, Baris; Tarakci, Selcuk
    Background and Study Aim. Coaches frequently use small-sided games with numerical inequalities. However, it is unclear if these games accurately represent official matches. This study aims to identify the differences in external load between small-sided games and official matches among professional soccer players, incorporating the variance due to positional roles. Material and Methods. The analysis used GPS data collected from 20 professional football players from Turkish Super League club's first team during the 2023-2024 season. The small-sided games (SSGs) were structured as 4vs4+3, including three joker players. Players were divided into five groups based on their field positions: central defenders, fullbacks, midfielders, wingers, and forwards. The GPS metrics recorded included total distance (m), moderate-intensity running distance (16-20 km/h), high-intensity running distance (20-25 km/h), sprint distance (>25 km/h), the number of accelerations and decelerations, and high metabolic power distance, both in absolute and relative terms. Furthermore, the SSGs were compared based on the number of days prior to official matches when they were conducted. Results. The findings revealed that the highest values for all external load variables were recorded 4 to 5 days before official matches (p<0.001). However, the per-minute acceleration rate (2.5003 +/- 1.09288) and deceleration rate (2.4971 +/- 1.10671) in the SSGs were significantly higher than those observed in official matches (p<0.001). Conclusions. Coaches and conditioning trainers aiming to simulate match conditions in training should consider using 4vs4+3 SSGs with joker players more tactically. This approach is especially effective for enhancing possession, creating numerical superiority, and focusing on performance metrics such as acceleration and deceleration.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Evaluation of repeated sprint test protocols used in soccer with a global positioning system
    (Iermakov S S, 2022) Kaya, Kaan; Gurol, Baris
    Background and Study Aim Material and Methods The aim of the research is to evaluate the 7x34.2 m Repeated Straight Sprint Test (RSST) and 7x34.2 m Repeated Change of Direction Sprint Test (RCST), which are used for improvement, measurement, and evaluation of repeated sprint ability, by using Global Positioning System (GPS). Twenty-two professional soccer players participated in the research voluntarily. Internal and external load data were examined comparatively by using data as before and after the repeated sprint tests. External load data measured by 10 Hz GPS. Results When the findings of the research are examined, it is seen that values of blood lactate concentrations which are taken after three and five minutes of the RCST are significantly higher than RSST protocol (p < 0.001***, p = 0.042*, respectively). In the study, the value of lactate which is taken five minutes after the RSST was measured as 9.60 +/- 2.65 mM, while the value which is taken three minutes after RCST was measured as 9.75 +/- 2.51 mM. Nevertheless, whereas there was a difference between the two tests in terms of lactate values, no significant difference was found in terms of perceived exertion. Conclusions As a conclusion, according to the analyzes made after the RCST and RSST, we can say that the internal and external load performances of the athletes were very different. It has been observed that coaches, athletes, and practitioners can use two different test protocols for different objectives according to the purposes they set.