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    A Comparison of the Effects of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Cartilage Damage
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Gokay, Nevzat Selim; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Komur, Baran; Demiroz, Ahu Senem; Gokce, Alper; Dervisoglu, Sergulen; Gokay, Banu Vural
    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of selective inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on cartilage regeneration. The study involved 27 Wistar rats that were divided into five groups. On Day 1, both knees of 3 rats were resected and placed in a formalin solution as a control group. The remaining 24 rats were separated into 4 groups, and their right knees were surgically damaged. Depending on the groups, the rats were injected with intra-articular normal saline solution, neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (50mg/kg), inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine (30mg/kg), or nitric oxide precursor L-arginine (200mg/kg). After 21 days, the right and left knees of the rats were resected and placed in formalin solution. The samples were histopathologically examined by a blinded evaluator and scored on 8 parameters. Although selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition exhibited significant(p = 0.044) positive effects on cartilage regeneration following cartilage damage, it was determined that inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition had no statistically significant effect on cartilage regeneration. It was observed that the nitric oxide synthase activation triggered advanced arthrosis symptoms, such as osteophyte formation. The fact that selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors were observed to have mitigating effects on the severity of the damage may, in the future, influence the development of new agents to be used in the treatment of cartilage disorders.
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    Does insulin, transferrin and selenous acid preparation effect chondrocyte proliferation?
    (Turkish Assoc Orthopaedics Traumatology, 2014) Gokce, Alper; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Gokay, Nevzat Selim; Can, Levent; Gokce, Cigdem
    Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that insulin, human transferrin, and selenous acid (ITS) preparation have positive effects on chondrocyte proliferation and morphology and investigate the biochemical and histological effects of these additive substances in different cell culture media. Methods: Human cartilage-derived cells (hCDCs) were isolated from the cartilage tissue of a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with gonarthrosis. Tissue samples were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and RPMI-1640. The cells' chondrogenic activities were observed. After serial passagings, cells were divided into 4 groups at the end of the 6th week. On the 14th day, proliferated cells were examined using an inverted microscope with x4, x10, x20 and x40 magnification and microphotographs were taken. Living cell quantity was determined on the first and 14th days using MTS-ELISA cell proliferation assay. Results: DMEM (without adding ITS premix solution) and RPMI-1640 containing ITS premix solution provide proliferation of the chondrogenic cells. The proliferation and viability of chondrocytes were revealed in this study in the 3rd group (DMEM solution without additives). Conclusion: It is suggested that the culture medium ingredients play crucial roles on chondrogenic proliferation in osteochondral tissue cultures.
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    Effects of advancement on biomechanics and biology on active performance
    (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015) Gokay, Nevzat Selim; Kon, Elizaveta; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Gokce, Alper
    As a result of competition among athletes, a number of auxiliary tools and treatments have been used to increase the physical power, agility, durability, and performance of the athletes on the field. Some substances and treatments containing factors that disrupt the balance in the competition are called doping and are banned by the rules of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Beyond these, healing accelerator biological applications are utilized in the treatment of disabilities in orthopedic practice. Several locally effective hormones, genetic treatments, scaffolds, and cellular tissue engineering products will be the center of interest in the near future. In this paper, we summarize the current literature regarding applications that increase athletic performance and allow injured athletes to return to active sports. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012, 2015, All Rights Reserved.