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    Does the type of transportation mode matter in the effect of freight transportation on the environmental pollution of OECD countries?
    (Springer, 2024) Altinok, Hayrullah; Aydin, Celil; Erturgut, Ramazan; Cetintas, Yagmur
    This study aims forward to explain the effect of freight transportation on environmental pollution and to investigate the role played by the usage rates of road and railway transportation modes in this relationship. As an auxiliary problem of the research, it was tried to determine whether there is a threshold value for these types of transportation and what consequences will arise in terms of environmental pollution below and above this threshold. For this purpose, the data of OECD countries for the period 2000–2018 were analyzed with the PSTR method. Analysis results showed a non-linear relationship between freight transportation and environmental pollution and that the road/rail transportation ratio plays an important role in this relationship. The determined threshold value is 68.18% for road freight transport and 29.55% for rail freight transport. Below the determined threshold values, as the amount of cargo transported increases, the rate of carbon emission increase gradually increases in both types of transport. Above the threshold values, road transport increases the rate of increase even more, while rail transport decreases this rate of increase. Within the scope of these results, countries should develop policies to increase the use of railways in freight transport while reducing the use of roads. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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    Nexus between environmental innovation and ecological footprint in OECD countries: is there an environmental rebound effect?
    (Springer, 2024) Aydin, Celil; Esen, Omer; Cetintas, Yagmur
    This study empirically examines the effect of environmental innovation on ecological footprint using a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model for 33 OECD countries, over the period 1995-2019. The findings indicate that a rebound effect occurs when the level of environmental innovation surpasses the calculated threshold level (14.254%), suggesting that environmental innovations exert pressure on the environment. Existing empirical results point to a rebound effect, which refers to offsetting the gains from environmental innovation by channeling them into production and consumption.