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Öğe COST AND CO2 EMISSION-BASED OPTIMISATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DEEP BEAMS USING JAYA ALGORITHM(Scibulcom Ltd, 2022) Cakiroglu, C.; Islam, K.; Bekdas, G.; Apak, SudiThe environmental impact of producing construction materials is being increasingly analysed in the recent years. This study aims at demonstrating the possibility of reducing the carbon emissions and cost of a structure while at the same keeping the structural performance at a satisfactory level. Optimisation algorithms play a crucial role in this process. In this study a metaheuristic algorithm called the Jaya algorithm was implemented in order to minimise the carbon emission and the cost associated with the production process of concrete and steel. As the indicator of structural performance, the ultimate shear strength was used. Optimum values of reinforcement ratio, concrete compressive strength and cross-sectional dimensions are obtained at different levels of the ultimate shear strength. The results obtained through the CO2 and cost optimisations are compared. It was demonstrated that for a given value of expected ultimate shear strength the optimum design can make nearly an order of magnitude difference in the cost and carbon emission.Öğe OPTIMUM MODELLING FOR RECTANGULAR SHAPE REINFORCED CONCRETE (RC) BEAM WITH THE AIM OF MINIMUM CO2 EMISSION(Scibulcom Ltd, 2021) Yucel, M.; Bekdas, G.; Isikdag, U.; Apak, SudiOptimum analysis and modelling for any structural member in civil engineering designs are important and they should be also applied and realised by making it possible of providing safe construction, serviceable conditions, and also sustainable requirements. With this aim, in the present study, a simply supported Reinforced concrete (RC) beam with rectangular cross-section was designed with the purpose of reducing and even minimisation of carbon dioxide (CO2) amount emission from structural materials (concrete and steel reinforcement). Furthermore, in the scope of this purpose, optimal beam designs were provided by considering several concrete compressive strength options, and optimal levels for total costs are determined with respect to each design combination, too. To realise this process, the Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) was utilised which is one of the well-known and most-used metaheuristic algorithms. By this means, it can be possible to ensure and generate cost-effective, safe, clean, and sustainable designs by carrying out eco-friendly processes owing to the emission reduction of damaging factors as CO2.