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    Öğe
    Direct Displacement Based Design of RDC Frame-Shear Wall Structures
    (İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, 2021) Balkaya, Can; Etemadi, Ali; Genç, Öznur
    A large part of Turkey's urban region is located in the seismic prone zone and in terms of population, the majority of densely populated cities are located close to near-fault regions. It is very important to determine the behaviors of structures against external forces after destructive earthquakes. Structural and non-structural damages that occur during the earthquake usually arise from lateral displacements occurring in the structural system. This is why, in recent years, the displacement-based design has become more important when compared to the force based design. In this study, the Direct Displacement Based Design method under earthquake forces are explained. The process steps of this method on a frame-wall structure are clarified. The dynamic behavior of a moment resistant structures and a combined system with shear walls are compared. The finite element method used to analysis of reinforced concrete building models. Some model with moderate and high vibration period is adopted for dynamic analysis. An arrangement of the shear walls is changed in story plan of models. The dynamic analysis has shown quite different response among the structural systems. The difference in dynamic behavior is coming from the interaction of dynamic response between shear walls and moment resistant frames. Furthermore, the important role of shear walls displacements in transferring lateral loads is clarified with numerical examples. The positive role of RC shear walls on the combined structures under earthquake forces has been emphasized.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Seismic Behavior of Shear Wall-Dominant Tunnel Form Buildings With Continuous Slab-Wall Connections During the Kahramanmaras Earthquakes of February 6, 2023, in Turkey
    (WILEY, 2025) Balkaya, Can; Ete, Ali
    Tunnel form buildings dominated by shear walls are often built in countries with a high earthquake risk, as they can be erected quickly and cheaply. Since there are no beams and columns, the connections between the floor and wall are continuous and important for seismic behavior. This is the most important observation on site during the severe earthquakes on February 6, 2023, in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. There are no reports of the collapse of buildings constructed in tunnel form and no fatalities, although more than 300,000 buildings collapsed or were severely damaged and more than 50,000 people died. This seismic performance was mainly enhanced by the continuous slab-wall connections, shear walls, redistribution of lateral seismic forces at the edges, and 3D behavior due to T-C coupling. This paper also discusses the distribution of lateral forces and the strengthening strategies that affect the seismic behavior of buildings in tunnel form. Two-story slab-wall interaction models with openings that may be relevant to the effect of continuous slab-wall interaction are analyzed. During the field observation, some buildings in tunnel form are damaged due to their low torsional stiffness. To remove the tunnel formwork to the outside, most of the perimeter, which is very effective for torsional stiffness, is open. In most cases, the first dynamic period is the torsion, which leads to a lower torsional stiffness. To improve the torsional stiffness, X-bracing was used at the corners of the building. Three-story, 1:3 scaled, existing, and reinforced test models of tunnel form buildings with X-bracing are tested under pushover loads. By analyzing experimental studies and finite element analysis, valuable insights are gained to improve the seismic resistance of existing and future tunnel form buildings against seismic hazards. The seismic capacity of the strengthened model is increased by 22.6%, and the first period is changed from torsional to flexural mode.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    The role of masonry infills on the interstory drift demand of reinforced concrete frames
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Etemadi, Ali; Balkaya, Can
    Most frame buildings, especially those with shear -type moment resistance frames, are affected by masonry infill panels, which change the mechanical properties of whole systems in a big way. In turn, seismic performance varies depending on the infill panel and frame interactions. In conventional structural design practice, such interaction has been overlooked. This study looks at the range of local displacement demands in shear -type frames with and without infill panels. Generic frames are developed by tuning the story stiffness and mass to produce a reasonable period range between 0.2 and 2.0 s. The masonry infill panels are simulated through equivalent diagonal struts. A Bouc-Wen-based hysteretic model is applied to incorporate the post -yielding hysteresis degradations of both columns and masonry panels. The hysteresis loop control parameter values are also given for incorporating masonry infill properties. The correlation analysis between the strength and stiffness of RC frames and masonry infills is supplied as an instrument for calibrating the hysteretic model. In the collection of records, there are a lot of near -fault ground motions, which puts a lot of seismic demands on the buildings. The modification factors via regression analysis are proposed using over 1254 nonlinear response history analyses. This modification factor is figured out by looking at the difference between the mean drift spectrum for a set of generic frames that are both bare and filled. The nonlinear analysis shows that residual drift demands can be reduced in the case of panel effects that exist for masonry-infilled mid -rise RC shear -type frames.